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Thermo-economic analysis of a direct supercritical CO electric power generation system using geothermal

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 246-262 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0749-9

摘要： A comprehensive thermo-economic model combining a geothermal heat mining system and a direct supercritical CO₂ turbine expansion electric power generation system was proposed in this paper. Assisted by this integrated model, thermo-economic and optimization analyses for the key design parameters of the whole system including the geothermal well pattern and operational conditions were performed to obtain a minimal levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Specifically, in geothermal heat extraction simulation, an integrated wellbore-reservoir system model (T2Well/ECO2N) was used to generate a database for creating a fast, predictive, and compatible geothermal heat mining model by employing a response surface methodology. A parametric study was conducted to demonstrate the impact of turbine discharge pressure, injection and production well distance, CO₂ injection flowrate, CO₂ injection temperature, and monitored production well bottom pressure on LCOE, system thermal efficiency, and capital cost. It was found that for a 100 MW_e power plant, a minimal LCOE of $0.177/kWh was achieved for a 20-year steady operation without considering CO₂ sequestration credit. In addition, when CO₂ sequestration credit is $1.00/t, an LCOE breakeven point compared to a conventional geothermal power plant is achieved and a breakpoint for generating electric power generation at no cost was achieved for a sequestration credit of $2.05/t.

关键词： geothermal heat mining supercritical CO₂ power generation thermo-economic analysis optimization

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Polydimethylsiloxane assisted supercritical CO

Weixia Wang, Shuai Zhou, Zhong Xin, Yaoqi Shi, Shicheng Zhao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 396-404 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1577-z

摘要： Foamable high melt strength polypropylene (HMSPP) was prepared by grafting styrene (St) onto polypropylene (PP) and simultaneously introducing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) through?a?one-step?melt extrusion process. The effect of PDMS viscosity on the foaming behavior of HMSPP was systematically investigated using supercritical CO as the foaming agent. The results show that the addition of PDMS has little effect on the grafting reaction of St and HMSPP exhibits enhanced elastic response and obvious strain hardening effect. Though the CO solubility of HMSPP with PDMS (PDMS-HMSPP) is lower than that of HMSPP without PDMS, especially for PDMS with low viscosity, the PDMS-HMSPP foams exhibit narrow cell size distribution and high cell density. The fracture morphology of PDMS-HMSPP shows that PDMS with low viscosity disperses more easily and uniformly in HMSPP matrix, leading to form small domains during the extrusion process. These small domains act as bubble nucleation sites and thus may be responsible for the improved foaming performance of HMSPP.

关键词： high melt strength polypropylene (HMSPP) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) supercritical CO₂ foaming behavior

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CO2sub> methanation and co-methanation of CO and CO2sub> over Mn-promoted Ni/Al2sub>O3sub> catalysts

Kechao Zhao,Zhenhua Li,Li Bian

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 273-280 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1563-5

摘要： A series of Mn-promoted 15 wt-% Ni/Al O catalysts were prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method. The effect of the Mn content on the activity of the Ni/Al O catalysts for CO methanation and the co-methanation of CO and CO in a fixed-bed reactor was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by N physisorption, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction and desorption, carbon dioxide temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The presence of Mn increased the number of CO adsorption sites and inhibited Ni particle agglomeration due to improved Ni dispersion and weakened interactions between the nickel species and the support. The Mn-promoted 15 wt-% Ni/Al O catalysts had improved CO methanation activity especially at low temperatures (250 to 400 °C). The Mn content was varied from 0.86% to 2.54% and the best CO conversion was achieved with the 1.71Mn-Ni/Al O catalyst. The co-methanation tests on the 1.71Mn-Ni/Al O catalyst indicated that adding Mn markedly enhanced the CO methanation activity especially at low temperatures but it had little influence on the CO methanation performance. CO methanation was more sensitive to the reaction temperature and the space velocity than the CO methanation in the co-methanation process.

关键词： Mn promotion nickel catalysts CO₂ methanation co-methanation of CO and CO₂

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以净零排放为目标的封存驱动型CO2sub>提高采收率方法 Article

刘月亮, 芮振华

《工程（英文）》 2022年第18卷第11期页码 79-87 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.02.010

摘要：可通过驱油过程将CO2sub>封存在油藏地质体中，因此，CO2sub>驱油与封存被视为降低CO2sub>排放的重要手段之一。本研究提出了一种新型的CO2sub>提高采收率（EOR）方法，即封存驱动型CO2sub>提高采收率，其主要目标是通过在油藏中封存尽可能多的CO2sub>来实现CO结果表明，DME可提高CO2sub>在原油中的溶解度，有利于CO2sub>的溶解封存；可抑制因CO2sub>的抽提作用造成的原油轻质组分“逃逸&rdquo封存驱动型CO2sub> EOR方法在提高波及效率方面优于传统的CO2sub> EOR，尤其是在采油后期更为明显；同时，封存驱动型CO2sub> EOR比传统的此外，通过封存驱动型CO2sub> EOR封存的CO2sub>量远超采出原油燃烧产生的碳排放总量。

关键词： CO2sub> EOR CO2sub>净排放量二甲醚封存驱动型CO2sub> EOR CO2sub>封存

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Key problems and solutions in supercritical CO

Haizhu WANG, Gensheng LI, Bin ZHU, Kamy SEPEHRNOORI, Lujie SHI, Yong ZHENG, Xiaomei SHI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 667-672 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0626-y

摘要： Supercritical CO fracturing is considered to be a new method for efficient exploitation of unconventional reservoirs, such as shale gas, coal bed methane, and tight sand stone gas. Supercritical CO has many special properties including low viscosity, high diffusion coefficient, and lack of surface tension, which brings about great advantages for fracturing. However, these properties also cause several problems, such as difficulty in proppant transportation, high friction loss, and high pump displacement. In this paper, the above problems were analyzed by combining field test with laboratory study and specific solutions to these problems are given. The high frictionloss in the pipeline could be reduced by developing a new drag reducing agent and selecting large-size casing. Besides, for the problem of poor capacity in proppant carrying and sand plug, the methods of adding tackifier into supercritical CO , increasing pump displacement and selecting ultra-low density proppants are proposed. Moreover, for the problem of fast leak-off and high requirement for pump displacement, the displacement can be increased or the pad fluid can be injected into the reservoir. After solving the above three problems, the field test of supercritical CO fracturing can be conducted. The research results can promote the industrialization process of supercritical CO fracturing.

关键词： supercritical CO₂ fracturing friction loss proppant carrying flied test problem

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固体氧化物电解池共电解H2sub>O/CO2sub>研究进展

范慧,宋世栋,韩敏芳

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第2期页码 107-112

摘要：本文介绍了固体氧化物电解池的结构特点及其用于H2O/CO2的共电解制备H2和CO的工作原理，综述了固体氧化物电解池的组成形式，以及单片电解池和电解池堆用于H2O/CO2共电解反应的国内外研究进展，并阐述了提高固体氧化物电解池共电解效率所亟需解决的问题

关键词：固体氧化物电解池 H2sub>O/CO2sub>共电解合成气电解效率水电解

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Frontier science and challenges on offshore carbon storage

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1680-6

摘要：

● The main direct seal up carbon options and challenges are reviewed.

关键词： Offshore carbon storage Direct CO₂ injection CO₂-CH₄ replacement CO₂-EOR CCS hubs CO₂ transport

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Reduction potential of the energy penalty for CO capture in CCS

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 390-399 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0864-x

摘要： CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) has been acknowledged as an essential part of a portfolio of technologies that are required to achieve cost-effective long-term CO₂ mitigation. However, the development progress of CCS technologies is far behind the targets set by roadmaps, and engineering practices do not lead to commercial deployment. One of the crucial reasons for this delay lies in the unaffordable penalty caused by CO₂ capture, even though the technology has been commonly recognized as achievable. From the aspects of separation and capture technology innovation, the potential and promising direction for solving this problem were analyzed, and correspondingly, the possible path for deployment of CCS in China was discussed. Under the carbon neutral target recently proposed by the Chinese government, the role of CCS and the key milestones for deployment were indicated.

关键词： CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) CO₂ separation energy penalty

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Al2sub>O3sub> and CeO2sub>-promoted MgO sorbents for CO2sub> capture at moderate

Huimei Yu, Xiaoxing Wang, Zhu Shu, Mamoru Fujii, Chunshan Song

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 83-93 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1691-6

摘要： A series of Al O and CeO modified MgO sorbents was prepared and studied for CO sorption at moderate temperatures. The CO sorption capacity of MgO was enhanced with the addition of either Al O or CeO . Over Al O -MgO sorbents, the best capacity of 24.6 mg-CO /g-sorbent was attained at 100 °C, which was 61% higher than that of MgO (15.3 mg-CO /g-sorbent). The highest capacity of 35.3 mg-CO /g-sorbent was obtained over the CeO -MgO sorbents at the optimal temperature of 200 °C. Combining with the characterization results, we conclude that the promotion effect on CO sorption with the addition of Al O and CeO can be attributed to the increased surface area with reduced MgO crystallite size. Moreover, the addition of CeO increased the basicity of MgO phase, resulting in more increase in the CO capacity than Al O promoter. Both the Al O -MgO and CeO -MgO sorbents exhibited better cyclic stability than MgO over the course of fifteen CO sorption-desorption cycles. Compared to Al O , CeO is more effective for promoting the CO capacity of MgO. To enhance the CO capacity of MgO sorbent, increasing the basicity is more effective than the increase in the surface area.

关键词： CO₂ capture MgO sorbents Al₂O₃ CeO₂ flue gas

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ZnFe2sub>O4sub> deposited on BiOCl with exposed (001) and (010) facets for photocatalyticreduction of CO2sub> in cyclohexanol

Guixian Song, Xionggang Wu, Feng Xin, Xiaohong Yin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 197-204 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1606-y

摘要： ZnFe O -BiOCl composites were prepared by both hydrothermal and direct precipitation processes and the structures and properties of the samples were characterized by various instrumental techniques. The samples were then used as catalysts for the photocatalytic reduction of CO in cyclohexanol under ultraviolet irradiation to give cyclohexanone (CH) and cyclohexyl formate (CF). The photocatalytic CO reduction activities over the hydrothermally prepared ZnFe O -BiOCl composites were higher than those over the directly-precipitated composites. This is because compared to the direct-precipitation sample, the ZnFe O nanoparticles in the hydrothermal sample were smaller and more uniformly distributed on the surface of BiOCl and so more heterojunctions were formed. Higher CF and CH yields were obtained for the pure BiOCl and BiOCl composite samples with more exposed (001) facets than for the samples with more exposed (010) facets. This is due to the higher density of oxygen atoms in the exposed (001) facets, which creates more oxygen vacancies, and thereby improves the separation efficiency of the electron-hole pairs. More importantly, irradiation of the (001) facets with ultraviolet light produces photo-generated electrons which is helpful for the reduction of CO to ·CO . The mechanism for the photocatalytic reduction of CO in cyclohexanol over ZnFe O -BiOCl composites with exposed (001) facets involves electron transfer and carbon radical formation.

关键词： reduction of CO₂ cyclohexanol ZnFe₂O₄ deposited BiOCl facet composite photocatalyst

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太阳能技术对我国未来减排CO2sub> 的贡献

赵玉文

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第4期页码 38-40

摘要：

在“我国后续能源发展战略研究”基础上对太阳能技术在我国未来减排CO2sub>中的作用进行了估计，结果表明，在2010年后太阳能技术对CO2sub

关键词：太阳能，CO2减排

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Chemical reactions of oily sludge catalyzed by iron oxide under supercritical water gasification condition

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 886-896 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2125-z

摘要： Supercritical water gasification is a promising technology in dealing with the degradation of hazardous waste, such as oily sludge, accompanied by the production of fuel gases. To evaluate the mechanism of Fe₂O₃ catalyst and the migration pathways of heteroatoms and to investigate the systems during the process, reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations are adopted. In terms of the catalytic mechanisms of Fe₂O₃, the surface lattice oxygen is consumed by small carbon fragments to produce CO and CO₂, improving the catalytic performance of the cluster due to more unsaturated coordination Fe sites exposed. Lattice oxygen combines with •H radicals to form water molecules, improving the catalytic performance. Furthermore, the pathway of asphaltene degradation was revealed at an atomic level, as well as products. Moreover, the adsorption of hydroxyl radical on the S atom caused breakage of the two C–S bonds in turn, forming •HSO intermediate, so that the organic S element was fixed into the inorganic liquid phase. The heteroatom O was removed under the effects of supercritical water. Heavy metal particles presented in the oily sludge, such as iron in association with Fe₂O₃ catalyst, helped accelerate the degradation of asphaltenes.

关键词： oily sludge SCWG ReaxFF Fe₂O₃ heteroatoms

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Preliminary experimental study of a supercritical CO

Junhyun CHO, Hyungki SHIN, Jongjae CHO, Young-Seok KANG, Ho-Sang RA, Chulwoo ROH, Beomjoon LEE, Gilbong LEE, Byunghui KIM, Young-Jin BAIK

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 452-460 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0504-4

摘要： Research on applying a supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle (S-CO ) to concentrating solar power (CSP) instead of a steam Rankine cycle or an air Brayton cycle has been recently conducted. An S-CO system is suitable for CSP owing to its compactness, higher efficiency, and dry-cooling capability. At the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), to implement an S-CO system, a 10 kWe class test loop with a turbine-alternator-compressor (TAC) using gas foil bearings was developed. A basic sub-kWe class test loop with a high-speed radial type turbo-generator and a test loop with a capability of tens of kWe with an axial type turbo-generator were then developed. To solve the technical bottleneck of S-CO turbomachinery, a partial admission nozzle and oil-lubrication bearings were used in the turbo-generators. To experience the closed-power cycle and develop an operational strategy of S-CO operated at high pressure, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operating test using a refrigerant as the working fluid was conducted owing to its operational capability at relatively low-pressure conditions of approximately 30 to 40 bar. By operating the sub-kWe class test loop using R134a as the working fluid instead of CO , an average turbine power of 400 W was obtained.

关键词： supercritical CO₂ power cycle turbomachinery compressor turbine

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A CO and CO

Guoxing Chen, Marc Widenmeyer, Binjie Tang, Louise Kaeswurm, Ling Wang, Armin Feldhoff, Anke Weidenkaff

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 405-414 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1886-0

摘要： A series of novel dense mixed conducting ceramic membranes based on K NiF -type (La Ca ) (Ni Cu )O was successfully prepared through a sol-gel route. Their chemical compatibility, oxygen permeability, CO and CO tolerance, and long-term CO resistance regarding phase composition and crystal structure at different atmospheres were studied. The results show that higher Ca contents in the material lead to the formation of CaCO . A constant oxygen permeation flux of about 0.63 mL·min ·cm at 1173 K through a 0.65 mm thick membrane was measured for (La Ca ) (Ni Cu )O , using either helium or pure CO as sweep gas. Steady oxygen fluxes with no sign of deterioration of this membrane were observed with increasing CO concentration. The membrane showed excellent chemical stability towards CO for more than 1360 h and phase stability in presence of CO for 4 h at high temperature. In addition, this membrane did not deteriorate in a high-energy CO plasma. The present work demonstrates that this (La Ca ) (Ni Cu )O membrane is a promising chemically robust candidate for oxygen separation applications.

关键词： K₂NiF₄ structure oxygen permeation membrane CO₂ and CO resistances CO₂ plasma resistance long-term robustness

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基于实时CT扫描技术的CO2sub>和N2sub>交替注入条件下煤吸附膨胀和解吸收缩规律研究 Article

张广磊, P.G. Ranjith, Herbert E. Huppert

《工程（英文）》 2022年第18卷第11期页码 88-95 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.010

摘要：

深部煤层是分布最广泛的适宜二氧化碳（CO2sub>）地质封存的地层之一，且通常位于大型CO2sub>排放源附近。将CO2sub>注入到煤层中具有巨大的CO2sub>封存潜力，同时可以提高煤层气的采收率（CO2sub>-ECBM）。然而，目前CO2sub>-ECBM先导实验仍存在技术问题需要解决，即CO2sub>的注入会引起煤层渗透率降低进而影响长期注入能力。本文采用原位同步辐射X射线显微CT扫描技术，首次在原位条件下直接证明了注入氮气（N2sub>）可以置换解吸CO2sub>并减小因CO2sub>吸附引起的煤基质膨胀研究结果表明，煤层中注入经过简单处理的烟道气（主要成分为N2sub>和CO2sub>），是技术上可行的CO2sub>-ECBM 替代方案。